Does Democracy Work for the Entire World Essay - 1413 Words

Does Democracy Work for the Entire World? Immanuel Kant—the father of Liberal Internationalism—envisioned a world not torn by hostilities and fraught with the horrors of war. Instead he aspired to a higher level of existence— an existence to be obtained through democracy and free market capitalism, to be regulated by a hierarchy, to maintain sovereignty. Kant’s vision of a league of peace—a treaty to end all wars forever, so to speak—has yet to be accomplished. These hopes for a perpetual peace taunt and mock those in the international field and will continue to do so forever, in light of the improbability that such a level will be attained. Though democratization and globalization have yielded many positive outcomes, it is†¦show more content†¦In less developed countries, democracy and capitalism help expand peace and justice in many ways. These systems promote equal opportunity and choice, which often result in growth in many of the interconnected sectors. However, simple growth in these nations is not enough, as growth does not require two of the most important attributes for expanding peace and justice; that is, the elements of sustainability and equality are not accounted for. Justice is defined by different people in various ways, but it is very commonly associated with fairness. Instating a free market economic structure in a nation may promote growth, but this growth does not usually occur across the board. In fact, it often results in an increase in income inequality. That the rich keep getting richer and the poor keep getting poorer is a fact illustrated by the shrinking middle class around the world. A system in which wealth is concentrated in the hands of few is inherently unjust, and as long as such massive injustices occur, how can peace take hold? Even with the pretense of the United States as a paradigm of justice, one can see that the top 20% of income holders controls 45.8% of income in comparison to the 5.4% of income controlled by the lowest 20%. Though these numbers represent much more inequality than many would expect of the US,Show MoreRelatedIs Islam a Religion of Peace?1879 Words   |  7 Pagesof the current prevalent terrorism of today’s world, as the religion of peace. In saying so, it is implied that Islam, as a religion, is opposed to warfare, extremism and terrorist activities. On the contrary, in the realm of political science, democracy is the system of government that is set up on a high pedestal. Democracy is not only portrayed as inherently virtuous, but is also a system that ensures peace and harmony in any region. Both democracy and Islam thus claim the right to peace, howeverRead MoreEssay on Platos Ideas of an Inefficient Democracy997 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Ideas of an Inefficient Democra cy Platos Republic describes precisely how he feels about society and what the true meaning of justice is within that society. Plato feels that a city can only function if each of pieces does its part and nothing else. He also thinks that a perfect society should run on a distinct social scale. This scale descends in the order from the philosopher kings to the guardians to the craftspeople. His ideal society would be run in the form of an aristocracyRead MoreEssay on Liberal Democracy1087 Words   |  5 PagesLiberal Democracy Liberal democracy, with a capitalist economy, is the only form of social organization that will work in this world. Socialism and Communism appear to be sound in theory, but would never come close to achieving what capitalism does. Liberal democracy and capitalism allow for a beneficial competition where communism does not. This competition, in the liberal tradition, on both political and economical levels, allows for the best balance of security and freedom to the peopleRead MoreDemocratic Individualism in Walt Whitman Poetry1663 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior and traits for Americans. It depicts the ideal American democrat, peace maker, and a well-rounded person, in general. Not that Walt Whitman is only about democracy. He focuses on an important end result which is the happiness and function of the overall body of people. This happiness can be achieved efficiently through democracy and democratic behavior, according to Whitman and his beliefs. John Macy wrote, in The Spirit of American Literature, â€Å"Only one day in the century of American literatureRead MoreThomas Paine And The Undermining Of American Democracy1012 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Democracy There has always been a relationship between religion and democracy. Religion provides the framework and moral boundaries for democracy. Democracy preaches freedom but not absolute freedom, religion decides what freedom is necessary for democracy to work. The question then becomes, what religion is the best fit for a thriving democracy. Thomas Paine, political activist, philosopher, political theorist, believes that a deistic religion is necessary for democracy to functionRead MoreThe Is The Body Of Governments Made Up Of Different Candidates1095 Words   |  5 PagesIn my opinion democracy is the body of governments made up of different candidates from all 50 states of equality, rights and privileges. The understanding of democracy is having knowledge of the rights and wrong of equality. Some decisions made by the government aren’t always pleasing. The government needs to make changes to accommodate not just partial communities, or three fourths of society but at least acco mmodate fifty- percent of society and then work up to making a worldwide changing lawRead MoreRousseaus Concept of Democracy Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesRousseau describes democracy as a form of government that â€Å"has never existed and never will† ; yet twenty-six countries in the world are considered to be full democracies. How can this be possible? Rousseau’s concept of democracy supports the most fundamental and basic premise of democracy – one in which all citizens directly participate. While his idea of democracy cannot be considered an effective indictment of what passes for democracy today, it is not Rousseau’s account which is flawed but thatRead More Democracy is NOT Right for All Nations Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesIs Democracy the Right Thing For All Nations? No, Democracy is Not Right For All Nations. Merriam-Webster defines the word Democracy as a government by the people, rule of the majority, a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections. It is a government designed for the peoples choice for their ruling of themselves and others within their communityRead MoreEssay about The Central American Free Trade Agreement1178 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipate in this treaty are Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. This proposed agreement stems primarily from the fact the United States relies on Central America as a primary export market. In fact, it is believed this area of world is Americas 18th largest export target. Another contributing factor to the proposed agreement comes from what is believed to be an unfair trade policy. During the presidency of Ronald Reagan, Central American countries had many tariffs sla shed underRead MoreThe Electoral Systems Used On The Middle East And North Africa1135 Words   |  5 Pagesposition that proportional representation (PR) is what would suit the areas most effectively with their emerging democracies. Timothy M. Meisburger opposes this in Getting Nahirtuabusn Right written in 2012. Meisburger believes that â€Å"their essay runs a vein of implicit or explicit support for the idea that electoral systems based on [PR] of political parties will be best for whatever democracies may emerge in the MENA region, while majoritarian systems are more conducive to authoritarianism. † (155) .

Sigmund Freud s The Interpretation Of Dream - 2543 Words

This excerpt from Sigmund Freud’s 1913 book, The Interpretation of Dream, Third Edition, is one of his most famous generalizations of his work. Freud often emphasized that the study of the human mind is a complicated, arduous, and ever-changing field of attempts at empirically examining an intangible concept that often result in very small gains. His work has placed him into a distinct place in history that has been given countless courses of retrospection by academics alike. Sigmund Freud, born May 6th, 1856 and died September 23rd, 1939, was an Austrian neurologist that is renowned as the father of psychoanalysis. His work on psychosexuality, unconscious processes, drives, and innovative psychotherapy methods have had a pronounced impact on the field of psychology, as well as philosophy, literature, and many others (Emmett, 2001). An early life filled with hardships, trials, and meaningful encounters would shape his perspective into what would be ubiquitously referred to as innovative and even radical at the time. He attended the University of Vienna and had a successful run in neuroanatomy with a wide variety of topic involved in his research (Carter, 2011). Freud’s legacy, however, would be placed into his new, innovative clinical methodology that was intended to treat psychological disorders through naught but conversations between a clinician and his/her patient. The methodology was dubbed â€Å"psychoanalysis,† and would shape almost every aspect of the neurologist’sShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s The Interpretation Of Dreams Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagespsychoanalysis’, Sigmund Freud, is perhaps known for his theories involving the human brain. During the late 1800s, his therapeutic techniques dealing with psychopathology made him quite influential within and throughout the sphere of psychology and his work has had a tremendous impact on modern culture and common opinion. Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams, first published in 1899, takes into account dream interpretation and theories involving the human brain, why humans dream and what they couldRead MoreSigmund Freud : Exploring The Human Psy che1723 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud: Exploring the Human Psyche Caroline Zapert Senior division Historical paper 1511 words Sigmund Freud was a thinker whose exploration of the human psyche helps us, as human beings, to understand why our lives and relationships make us feel the way we do. He tells why life is hard, how to cope, and sought answers as to how modern civilization came to be. His studies spurred from his own anxiety-ridden life. Born into a middle-class Jewish family in 1856 (McLeod), FreudRead MoreSigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01:1611 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how heRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Critical Analysis1479 Words   |  6 Pages Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest, is the narrative of a former psychiatric patient who looks back at the events leading up to his freedom, the novel shows the true rebellious nature of man against tyrannical rule, and man’s never ending yearning for freedom and inner peace. The narrator Chief Bromden goes through a long period of silence and oppression, until Randall McMurphy is committed to the ward, and brings about a change in attitudes from the oppressed patients. Bromden has beenRead More Si gmund Freuds Influence upon Salvador Dali Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesexpand knowledge and understanding. Sigmund Freud, the most renowned, thought provoking psychologist to have ever lived, opened an exciting chapter in the study of the mind. Without a doubt, Freud had influenced, and inspired artists searching for something new. The world of psychology and art were interweaving and promising a bold new path. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) studied medicine, science, and philosophy as an introduction to the study of the human mind. Freud desired to have a thorough understandingRead MoreCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud1412 Words   |  6 PagesCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousnessRead MoreSociological Perspective On Psychology : Psychodynamic Psychology1067 Words   |  5 Pagesincludes all theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). He is the founding father of the psychodynamic approach and in psychoanalysis therapy in psychology. Freud was a trained neurologist, medical doctor, physiologist and psychologist. His theories included concepts of the unconscious mind, interpretation of dreams, sexuality and repression. In his first theory he thought that conflicts between the conscious and unconscious mind was the r oot of someone’s mental functioning. Freud believed our behaviorRead MorePsychoanalysis : A Systematic Structure Of Theories Regarding The Relations Of Conscious And Unconscious Psychological Processes1534 Words   |  7 PagesBy this means whatever troubles or nightmare that someone has in their unconscious mind or a dream, it is tied to an event or situation in that person’s life. This term was introduced by Josef Braur and his then assistant Sigmund Freud in 1895 when they both wrote Studies on Hysteria with the theory that experiencing trauma in one’s life cannot be interrogated into the world of understanding, to which Freud soon expands further into the field thus earning the title â€Å"Father of Psychoanalysis† (McLeodRead MoreSigmund Freud s View Of Dreams And The Unconscious Mind1677 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud remains a well-known psychoanalyst. Freud dedicated his life to studying the hidden motives behind human behavior, as shown thr ough his analyses of dreams and the unconscious mind. Freud also discovered that humans use defense mechanisms such as repression to keep the ideas of the unconscious mind from surfacing. While Freud made lasting impressions in the realm of psychology and psychoanalysis, critics find his analysis in the Dora case to be one-sided, disregarding Dora’s own interpretationRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words   |  7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influence

Significance of Values Based Leadership-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Value based leadership. Answer: Value based leadership can be defined as a leadership strategy which focuses on such organisational values like accountability, perseverance, discipline, diligence and integrity (Dilenschneider, 2013). The value based leader remains true to his or her personal values and the values of the organisation he works for. An effective value based leadership is also able to keep the subordinates belief on the fundamental values. The leader makes sure that the organisational and his values are aligned and that is reflecting the organisations vision, mission, procedures, principles, strategy, and beliefs. Value based leadership has always been an important contributor in the significant changes in history. The value based leadership practice has been growing its influence in many organisational sectors (ORiordan, 2013). There are certain authorities or rule based organisations where the leaders are practicing value based leadership and successfully bringing transformational change in the organ isation which sustainable and effective. Military is an authority or rules based organisation where the leaders and the subordinates all follow a definite set of rules and share a common value while working on a specific mission (Schmid, 2016). The leadership training for the officers and cadets has been given huge emphasis by the armed forces of United States. The officers in the military services exercise value based leadership model as that is considered as their fundamental purpose and function. That is why few of the historys most significant leaders can be found serving the armed forces like Lieutenant General Janet Wolfenbarger, who is the Vice commander of Air Force Material command (Af.mil, 2017). There are huge differences between the leader of a business organisation and a leader of the military. In the business the bottom line profit would be measured by how much revenue it has generated but for the military it will be counted by how many lives it has saved (Daft, 2015).In the tradition of value based leadership in the military, the leaders practice many values. The integrity plays a significant role in the value based leadership practice (Copeland, 2014). The leader understands the value of integrity in developing their reputation. This helps the leader to establish their trust within the organisation. The established integrity helps them to deal with the difficult situation. Another value of the leadership would be their determination (Vandenabeele, 2014). In the military professions the general must possess the skill of effective determination to complete the tasks. Like Wolfenbarger faced difficulty during this time and her determination and inner strength helped her to complete the mission (Barber, 2016). The collaboration spirit helps the leaders in the military to manage the thousand army and cadets. Their patience, humbleness and flexibility help them gain the trust of the colleagues (Palmer, 2015). The leader values the people of other nations with equal importance. Wolfenbarger is considered to many as a leader who possesses the power to move the followers emotionally and individually (Military.com, 2016). She is taking care of the well being of her co-fighters by maintaining a close relationship with them. The leader values the vision for the future with utmost importance. He or she develops a common goal for the army and motivate everyone to work equally to achieve that. There are many advantages for practicing the value based leadership in the military profession. The value based leadership strategies expands the leadership thinking. The leader gets to increase his leadership challenges by challenging his old methods of handling situations. The military profession is such profession where various urgent situations or difficult circumstances occur and the leader has to control it with effective intelligence. The previous methods have been applied by other leaders for previous situations but as the world has been experiencing great changes through globalization or digitization, the challenges are also transforming to something more challenging. The value based leadership helps the leader to encourage applying ne methods without ignoring the old values. Managing thousands of cadets appears to be really difficult at times for the leaders in the military. Value based leadership teaches the leader to value of effective communication with the subordinates and colleagues. As the leader values each individual his communication skills get improved. The advantage of communicating well with the subordinates help the value based leadership solves the minor problems easily and eventually the relationships get improved. The value based leadership helps the leaders to embrace the personal value as well as the organisational value. The fulfilling of values will not only help the leaders feel satisfied they will be able to help others fell the same way. The military profession often becomes very stressful for young minds, physically, psychologically both. The leaders have to take responsibility in order to resolve those and help the young army professionals to overcome such stress. The army should be taught and reminded the values of USA military. Their loyalty, respect and selfless service towards country will help them to follow the proper route (Army.mil, 2017). These values shared by the leader as well as his subordinates. The value based leadership really helps in such situation where the army needs guidance so that stay focused in their desired mission. To guide them and help them to overcome the stress the leaders value based leadership becomes really helpful. The military as an organisation suffers from many issues and complicated situations. If any important values are compromised the value based leadership helps the leaders to resist the organisational problems. It has been experienced in the military profession that if one serious problem, even if that is minor, can prove to be really fatal. The value based leadership helps to control such situation maintain the values within the organisation and prevents the issue to get larger. If the leader is able to implement the value based leadership strategies within the organisational structure, an immune system gets built up, which helps every member of the military family to protect themselves from any such occurrences. The members of the military organisation identify the potential threats which are harmful to the action, values and beliefs of the organisation. The practice of value based leadership within the military encourages a feedback loop which helps the leader to make the subordinat es feel as valuable as he is (Daft, 2014). Gradually the practice builds up a healthier and productive organisational culture. Then the members concentrate more on their jobs and serve the country with more passion and enthusiasm. Value based leadership develops the military as a close community that shares a same idea and belief. Army leaders do practice their leadership strategies prior to the combat field. By the strategies they utilize every chance to improve the army people and themselves. With the help of this the value based leaders lead the members together and guide them with a common mission and vision (Hudson, 2017). The leadership practice leads the leaders towards their desired result by executing flawlessly. The value based leaders act as the main initiators for bringing change inside the organisation. Wolfenbarger brought change by valuing Congress as important stakeholder of AFMC (Wpafb.af.mil, 2013). This the way the value based leadership creates the leaders legacy. This leadership practice takes significant role in army influencing by the army leaders. The leaders make important decisions focusing on sharing values, then communicate the decisions to his subordinates and inspire them for fulf illing the desired mission. The value based leadership encourages the people to follow the leader and on the other hand the leaders encourage the people for hard work. Having influence in every level is necessary for a profession like military and this leadership works hand in hand with that. The leaders of the military develop feasible detailed plan and execute the plan with the assistance of the army. It is not just the implementation then they work together to make that sustainable. Through the process the leaders get the benefits of efficiency and effectiveness as possible outcomes. While most leaders see their position as a temporary but in the military position even though top leaderships seem temporary they are not. The progression of Wolfenbarger proves that. The value based leadership practice leads them to grow the organisation in a better condition than the condition they initially experienced. The organisational value and future vision enables them to work selflessly in this path. Every area of the organisations is touched by them with personal care. As the leaders prioritize the values of an organisation like military they focus on the organisational future by fulfilling todays duty in the best way possible. From developing the value based leadership the leaders get to invest more time and resources for the betterment of the army people. The leaders learn the lesson that they should not always expect perfection from the people rather they should concentrate more on grooming them and allowing them to learn from the mistakes. The breakdowns are quite comm on in such profession and these breakdowns actually lead them to achieve the breakthroughs. The value based leadership in rules based organisation does not limit its members in the fear of imperfection rather helps them to grow and become more efficient towards the leader and the organisation. This eventually leads to transform a leader for them who they can admire and willingly follow. Reference A Revolution in Acquisition Product Support. (2013).Wpafb.af.mil. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.wpafb.af.mil/Portals/60/documents/lcmc/LCMC-Revolution-in-Acquisition.pdf?ver=2016-07-01-110338-350 Army Values. (2017).Army.mil. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.army.mil/values/ Barber, B. (2016).Air Force's 1st Female 4-star General Named to Defense Committee.Military.com. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/03/09/air-force-1st-female-4-star-general-named-defense-committee.html Copeland, M. K. (2014). The emerging significance of values based leadership: A literature review.International journal of leadership studies,8(2), 105. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Dilenschneider, R. (2013).5 Core Values for the Workplace.HuffPost. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-l-dilenschneider/business-advice_b_3829655.html GENERAL JANET C. WOLFENBARGER U.S. Air Force Biography Display. (2017).Af.mil. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/107934/general-janet-c-wolfenbarger/ Hudson, M. (2017).Managing without profit. Directory of social. ORiordan, J. (2013). Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.ipa.ie/_fileUpload/Documents/PublicServiceMotivation.pdf Palmer, G. (2015). Leadership at any level.QUT IFN610 online lecture, 19 March. Schmid, M. (2016). Military Leadership An Organizational Behaviour Perspective.Behaviour,1, 4. Vandenabeele, W. (2014). Explaining public service motivation: The role of leadership and basic needs satisfaction.Review of Public Personnel Administration,34(2), 153-173.

Written Essay About A Separate Peace Example For Students

Written Essay About A Separate Peace A Separate Peace: by John KnowlesDuring World War II in the struggle for peace among nations comes a smaller, but still significant struggle, in a prep school boy becoming a man and waking up to reality. In the book A Separate Peace, the author John Knowles, creates the image of two sixteen-year old boys struggling to keep what little sense of peace they know, even though there is a war going on all around them.Gene Forrester, the narrator of the story also struggles with an inner conflict of his secret resentment of his best friend Phineas (Finny). Phineas struggles with the disbelief that he can never be of any use to the war efforts with a busted leg. Gene Forrester, the main character in the book, returns to his old prep school-Devon- that he attended some fifteen years earlier. While there he remembers the incident that changed his life. In the summer of 1942, Gene and his friends stayed at their prep school for the summer session. His best friend in those days was a boy named Phineas, or Finny. During that time World War II was going on and the sixteen-year old boys were trying to preserve the peace in their lives, before they would be old enough to be drafted into the war-just one year later. One day Finny, the best athlete in the school, came up with the crazy idea to jump out of a tree into a river. All of the seventeen-year olds had accomplished this task because it was a mandatory test for the war. We will write a custom essay on Written About A Separate Peace specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Phineas, naturally was the first sixteen-year old to conquer this feat; so Gene was the second. None of the other boys ever tried the jump. After a while the two made it an almost day-to-day activity. The two boys were a lot alike, but Gene had this underlying resentment of Finny and he felt that Finny was deliberately trying to make him do badly in school because he was constantly dragging Gene along with him to go jump out of the tree. One time Finny decided that he and Gene should do a double jump, since that had never been done before. While up on the limb, Finny is the further out then Gene, and Gene gets this sudden impulse to shake the limb, which sends Finny plummeting into the shallow part of the river, breaking his leg. After the accident, Finny could never play any sports again; merely being able to walk is a blessing. For the duration of the summer session and for part of the regular session, Finny remains at his home to heal his leg. During that time, Gene goes and visits him and confesses to shaking the branch so Finny would loose his balance and fall. Finny does not believe a word of this disturbing revelation and sends Gene away. When Finny does return to Devon, he never brings up Genes off-the-wall confession. Months pass and suddenly the accident is brought up again by a boy named Brinker who believes that there is more to the story than what is being said. (No one else in the school new for a fact that Gene shook the branch on purpose to make Finny fall, they just had empty accusations.) So Brinker set up a sort-of mock court one night and took Gene and Finny there. Finny was seated in the middle of the Assembly Hall and asked to tell what happened. Since Genes confession, Finny refuses to believe it is true and imagines that Gene wasnt even in the tree with him, therefore, he would not be able to place Gene as the guilty one. .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 , .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .postImageUrl , .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 , .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415:hover , .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415:visited , .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415:active { border:0!important; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415:active , .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415 .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4595c62414320ac00610fd233ac0e415:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Carpe Diem: The Golden Chance Essay As the story unravels of what really happens, Finny gets fed up and leaves the building saying, I just dont care. Never mind. And then all the boys hear him fall down a flight of stairs, re-breaking his leg. This time though, Finny isnt so lucky and while the doctor is setting the break, some of the bone marrow gets into his bloodstream and immediately stops his heart. When Gene hears of this he does not cry, nor does he ever cry over Finnys death, because when Finny died it was like he died with Finny. At the end of the school year, Gene enlists in the war and joined the Navy. He never killed anyone, though, Because my war ended before I ever put on a uniform; I was on active duty all my time at school; I killed my enemy there. Finny was his enemy, not because of something he did to Gene, just because Gene made it that way in his imagination. The central character and narrator of the book, Gene Forrester, goes though a dramatic change. Throughout most of the book Gene is living in a world of resentment that revolves around Finny. After Finnys accident, Gene realizes that Finny was never trying to make Gene do badly in school. This makes Gene feel guilty about shaking the branch and he vows to be there for Finny because he realizes that Fin needs him. At this point Gene is becoming a man by taking responsibility for his actions and trying to do something about it. He still hasnt woken up to reality yet, because he believes that there really isnt a war going on. All this time though there was a more important war going on between Gene and his own disillusions. He let himself believe that there wasnt really a war going on because Finny was always saying things like that. The only reason Finny was saying those things was because he had a busted leg and couldnt contribute to any of the war efforts himself. He wrote to every group that was associated to the war and fighting for the peace, but he always got the same reply saying that they had no use of a person with a crippled leg. Gene finally wakes up to reality when Finny dies. He realizes the way of life that he was living while a Devon, and the type of person that he had become. After Finny died though, Gene discovers that he created a war between himself and Finny that never existed. The author gets his point across and does a very good job at it. The book was very interesting and enlightening. It makes the reader think about their friendships and their life in general. People should not let little things rule their lives. Underlying resentment could build up to something very dangerous and destructive. The reader also learns from this book that there is a big world out there and one needs to become mature enough to fulfill their adulthood duties. The author lastly shows that everyone is fighting their own personal war, but how someone handles it is based on their maturity and their knowledge of knowing the difference between imagination and reality.

Music Essay essays

Music Essay essays For some people music is a very big influence, They dress up and act like the music they listen to. They put make-up on, spike there hair, dread it, dye it and ware black and extra-baggy clothing just to show people what kind of music there into. For whatever your into theres some style of music for you. Some people get introduced to a certain type of music and it completely changes their life, the way they dress, act, speak and the people you hang out with There are many types of music and many types of styles that go with the music. For instance theres punks, they shave, spike, dye, and do crazy things with there hair just to be noticed. Theres Goths, they were black and white make-up have crazy piercing etc. Rap supports baggy pants and hats sideways. Theres hippies who like string bands and the old yuppie music from back in the day. They dress up hippied out sporting dreadlocks, dirt, macram, and colorful shirts. And of course all our parents like whatever they were into when they were kids, like our dads who are into Styx, Pink Floyd, led Zeppelin, Def leopard, and whatever else they liked. Our Moms were into Elvis, The Beatles and what ever else was popular at the time. Theres many types of music and styles for whatever youre into. No matter if youre a punk, yuppie, gangster, prep, Goth hippie and ex hippie or even if you dont even know what you like, theres someone to influence you, to like the music that they listen to. Friends are always influencers on other friends if they like the same thing they get something in common and something to talk about. ...

How Is the New SAT Scored

How Is the New SAT Scored SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The scoring model on the new SAT differs significantly from the scoring model that was used on the old version of the test. It's important to be aware of these changes so that you can plan your studying and test-taking strategies accordingly. In this article, I'll go through all the scoring differences that have taken place for the new SAT and what they mean for you as a student. Main Scoring Differences The biggest change in the new SAT scoring structure is that it uses a 1600 point scale instead of a 2400 point scale.The Math section is still worth 800 points.The Reading and Writing sections together are called â€Å"Evidence-Based Reading and Writing† and account for the other 800 points.The essay is optional and scored separately from the multiple choice portions of the test (your essay scoredoesn't affectyour Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score). Another difference in the scoring methodology isthe elimination of point deductions for wrong answers.On the old SAT, you were docked a quarter of a point for every question you answered incorrectly.The SAT is now more like the ACT in that incorrect answers are treated the same as questions that were left blank (no points added or subtracted). There are alsofour answer choices for each question now rather than five. What Does This Mean for You? Since there’s no guessing penalty, you don’t have to worry about whether you should guess or leave a question blank on the test.Guessing is always the right choice! This doesn’t necessarily mean that it's easier to get a higher score since the test is curved to account for these changes. However, it does take some of the stress out of the testing process. The switch to a 1600 scale shouldn’t impact you unless you’re trying to compare your scores out of 2400 on the old SAT to scores on the new version.This may be a concern if you want to know how much you’ll need to improve to get a score on the new SAT that’s equivalent to your goal score on the old SAT. Here's a chart thatwill help you convert your current or older scores to their equivalent numbers on the new SAT. However, keep in mind that the latest scoring model gives more weight to Math score. On the old SAT, Math only made up one-third of your total score. On the new SAT, it makes up half. This could mean that students who are especially strong in Math will do better on the new SAT by 50 or so points. If you scored an 800 on Math and a 650 on both Reading and Writing on the old SAT, you would have a composite score of 2100. Assuming you continued to stay at the same level upon taking the new SAT, an 800 in Math and a 650 on the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section would give you a 1450. This score is 50 points higher than the 1400 you would predict for yourself if you multiplied 2100 by two-thirds for a direct conversion to the new scale. Most colleges will accept scores from both the current SAT and the new SAT for at least a couple of years. The College Board will provide colleges with concordance tables to help them judge and compare scores across the two different tests. Also,score choiceis still an option, so you don’t have to worry about that changing with the updated test. Lock up your bad SAT score in a safe hidden behind a nondescript painting in your rich old uncle's mansion. No one will ever know about it unless he dies and you and your cousins have to spend a spooky night locked in his house (and his will stipulates that you have to disclose your deepest, darkest secrets to each other in order to get a piece of the inheritance). New SAT Subscores The new SAT also includes a complex scoring structure beyond the main section scores.There aretest scores for Math, Reading, and Writing, each on a scale of 10-40. Also, the new SAT hastwo special categories of questions, Analysis in History/Social Sciences and Analysis in Science.These are also scored on a scale of 10-40.These scores are called â€Å"cross-test scores† because each of the categories cover questions in all three sections of the test. Additionally, there areseven subscores, each on a scale of 1-15, for the following categories: Command of Evidence (Reading and Writing) Words in Context (Reading and Writing) Expression of Ideas (Writing) Standard English Conventions (Writing) Heart of Algebra (Math) Problem Solving and Data Analysis (Math) Passport to Advanced Math (Math) Here's a breakdown of the different subscores in this graphic taken from the Khan Academy website: This means that each question on the test fits into multiple subscore categories. Take, for example, this question from the Reading section of one of the new SAT practice tests: The graph following the passage offers evidence that gift-givers base their predictions of how much a gift will be appreciated on A) the appreciation level of the gift-recipients. B) the monetary value of the gift. C) their own desires for the gifts they purchase. D) their relationship with the gift-recipients. This question would naturally be included in the subscore for the Reading test.It would also be included in the Analysis in History/Social Sciences cross-test score: since it deals with the interpretation of a graph that contains data about a sociological phenomenon, it requires you to think analytically in a social sciences context. It would not be a part of the Command of Evidence or Words in Context Reading subscores because it doesn't ask you to provide evidence for your answer to a previous question or demonstrate your understanding of the meaning of a word in the passage. What a thoughtful gift! I definitely won't throw these away in the next trash can I happen to see! Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! What Does This Mean for You? The new subscores mean more information about your strengths and weaknesses on the test.These scores help highlight your specific strengths for colleges and also provide guidance on where you can improve your skills.College Board has partnered up with Khan Academy to offer afree prep program for the new SAT that personalizesyour prep plan based on your subscore distribution to help you focus on improving your specific weak areas. The subscores also point to new question types on the current SAT.Notice that â€Å"Command of Evidence† is a subscore category for Reading questions.Questions that ask you to cite evidence for your answers are now a major component of the Reading section.These questions ask which lines of the passage provide the best evidence for the answer to the previous question, pushing you to understand the reasoning behind your response.This can be a plus in that it might eliminate silly mistakes on some reading questions, but it also adds a challenging new layer of analysis. â€Å"Words in Context† is also a telling category; understanding vocabulary in context is now a bigger part of the Reading section.The elimination of sentence completion questionsmeans that there are more vocabulary in context questions.These focus less on obscure vocabulary and more on understanding nuances in the meanings of more commonly used words. The existence of â€Å"Problem Solving and Data Analysis†, along with the two cross-test analytical scores, means that there arequestions that ask you to interpret data and apply mathematical and logical reasoning to real-life scenarios. Essay Scores On the current SAT, the essay is optional, and its format has also been updated.Rather than asking you to write about your opinion on a general question, the essay prompt asks you to read a passage and analyze the argument that is presented.The College Board says that the new essay is â€Å"a lot like a typical college writing assignment in which you’re asked to analyze a text.† The essay is scored from 2-8 across three different dimensions: Reading, Analysis, and Writing.The essays are still read by two graders, but now each grader scores the essay on a scale of 1-4 in Reading, Analysis, and Writing. These scores are then added together for a score from 2-8 in each category. This means the maximum essay score is a 24, and the minimum is a 6. Here'sa rubric that explains exactly how these scores are determined.Essentially, the difference between an "advanced" essay and a merely "proficient" essay is the level of understanding of the source text that the student demonstrates. An advanced essay shows a thorough comprehension of how details in the text interrelate to support the author's argument. It goes beyond a basic summary of the author's points to give an insightful, focused analysis of the argument. You really should be able to use a magnifying glass on the essay. From what I've seen on Google images, analysis can't happen without one. What Does This Mean for You? The College Board has created a new essay format in which students must demonstrate analytical skills that are critical for success in college.On the new essay, you’re asked to explain how the author builds his or her argument in the passage and support your points with relevant evidence and details.Asking students to write an essay about another person’s argument is a better way of judging reading and writing skills than asking them to write an opinion piece. Whether or not you end up in a humanities discipline in college, you’ll probably write a research paper or at least analyze other people’s scientific or historical findings at some point.An ability to understand and synthesize key points in an argument made by someone else is crucial for intellectual discourse.The text for the prompt on the new SAT is always taken from a published work, so it is high quality, advanced material similar to what you might see in a college course. You now have 50 minutes to write the essay instead of 25, so you might not be as concerned about time pressure.Remember that you have the option of taking the SAT without the essay, which can eliminate a lot of stress from the testing process. However, many schools, especially the most selective ones, still require applicants to submit essay scores. Check the requirements for schools that interest you! Conclusion The SAT now has an updated scoring model to account for changes in question types and testing methodology.The main difference between the old scoring format and the current format isthe switch back to a 1600 point scale. You can no longer lose points for incorrect answers, and there are four answer choices for each question rather than five. The SAT has also addedsubscores that give you a more detailed picture of your strengths and weaknesses on the test along with a greater degree of personalized support and prep advice through a partnership with Khan Academy. The essay is optional. It also has a more complex scoring system that judges a student’s ability to read an advanced text effectively, analyze the author’s argument, and write coherently about the author's main points. There have been some major changes to the format the SAT, but if you start preparing now, you'll be ready to take on these new challenges in no time! What's Next? Now that you know how the new SAT is scored, you might be wondering if it's the best standardized test option for you. Read this article on whether you should take the new SAT or the ACT. Take a look at this article for some tips on how to study for the updated version of the SAT.You should also read our complete guide to the new SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Review - Article Example However, today it is asserted by researchers that orbitofrontal cortex plays a role in value-based decisions only. Here, it can be clearly observed that researchers have not provided any logical reason for them not to agree that orbitofrontal cortex can also contribute as the brain makes decisions based on prior experiences or habits. Researchers have simply stated that if the value is cached or pre-computed like experiences or habits, then orbitofrontal cortex is not needed to participate in the decision making process. But, how this change in the functioning or responsibility of the brain area took place has not been discussed in this study (Science Daily). In this study, researchers have shown a unique side of learning behavior, which refers to a persons learning through unexpected outcomes. Generally it is believed that a person learns through his experiences; however, in the article researchers have highlighted another form of true learning, but they have not provided evidence to prove that a person can learn through unexpected outcomes (Science Daily). Furthermore, a conflict in statements of researchers can be observed as initially they have agreed that orbitofrontal cortex has nothing to do with the decisions based on experiences or habits. But, on another occasion this article quotes statement of postdoctoral researcher Joshua Jones, who said that "Our research showed that damage to the orbitofrontal cortex may decrease a persons ability to use prior experience to make good decisions on the fly". Here, it can be observed that researchers have contradictory statements in the same article, which are undoubtedly confusing and difficult to understand (Science Daily). Serious side-effects of drug addiction particularly use of cocaine have been highlighted in the article to indicate that drugs coerce the brain system and hijack

Effects Of Early Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effects Of Early Marriage - Essay Example Early marriages, also known as underage marriages, put a negative impact on both men and women. Marriage is a relationship that requires mental maturity and willingness to accept the responsibility of some other person. An underage person is not able to fulfill all requirements of marriage because he/she is not mentally mature to understand the responsibilities that he/she owes to his/her partner (Ask, 1985). Marriage is not just about developing a sexual relationship and producing children; rather it is a relationship that encompasses many other responsibilities as well. For example, in a marital relationship, the husband owes the responsibility to take proper care of the wife. Here, the word ‘proper care’ includes all those responsibilities that a husband needs to fulfill, such as, provision of shelter to the wife and ensuring financial and physical security of the wife. Summing it up, early marriages adversely affect the lives of women. Young women have to face a number of problems due to early marriages, such as childbirth problems, educational problems, and mental illness. The dilemma is that hardly any attention by the governments of developing countries is being given towards this critical issue. It is the responsibility of the governments to take proper steps to put an end to the trend of early marriages. Some steps may include a compete for a ban on early marriages, creating awareness among people regarding effects of early marriages, and providing better healthcare facilities to young mothers in order to reduce their sufferings.

Focus on the learner Essay Example for Free

Focus on the learner Essay A. Learner’s profile Virginia is a 29-year old native Spanish speaker born in Madrid. She is currently studying a professional training course and works as an animal caretaker. She is one of the A2 or Elementary proficiency level students of the Celta Teacher Training Program at International house Language School. She took part of the same program two years ago, but she didn’t continue studying English afterwards. Virginia studied English in primary and secondary school following a traditional teaching method, which used grammar as the starting point and foundation, for the development of all language skills — speaking, listening, writing, and reading, however there was relatively little focus on speaking and listening. As reported by Virginia, she was exposed to explicit information about the structure of the language and to rules that she had to internalize through repetitions and direct translation with little or no opportunity of participating in activities that encourage meaningful communication. This situation hindered the development of her speaking skills, and made her fail in her attempts to attain the necessary fluency and confidence to successfully communicate in English during her trips abroad. Knowledge of grammar without meaningful practice of the language is ineffective, as Jim Scrivener says: â€Å"There is no point knowing a lot about language if you can’t use it (which sadly, has been the experience of many language learners in the past – able to conjugate a verb, but unable to respond to a simple question)† (Scrivener, 2005; 146) As a result of the different frustrating situations she had to face when trying to make herself understand in foreign countries, and due to her love for travelling, she developed an intrinsic motivation to study English. She thinks English is a lingua franca that opens doors to other cultures, on the contrary, she doesn’t have any extrinsic motivation as she doesn’t need to speak English for any other purposes than socializing and travelling. She is a participative student who has never missed a class. Her favorite  activities are the ones that foster speaking skills, especially role-plays or discussions in groups, because they give her the opportunity to interact with her classmates and communicate in real time about real or similar to real life situations. Virginia’s learning style is visual; a technique she uses in order to spell words is seeing the words in her head and she can better understand and remember explanations by writing them down or looking at pictures and diagrams She claims that one of her strengths is her knowledge of grammar rules associated with verbs conjugation; specifically the use of simple present and present continuous and adds that writing is the easiest among the four language skills, because writing tasks provide enough time to brainstorm and choose the correct language to express her ideas. Among her weaknesses she mentioned her lack of fluency, because she has not time to think on the grammar rules when she speaks, especially when talking about a past event, as she hardly ever knows whether the verb she wants to use is regular or irregular. B. Language problems and Solutions Analyzing Victoria’s output in class I could notice that she has two evident language problems; one of them is the use of simple past of irregular verbs, and the other one is the differentiation of the vowel sounds /aÉ ª/ and /É ª/. I find these problems in the grammar and pronunciation areas very interesting to analyze, because both of them are very common in Spanish native speakers learning ESL, therefore, finding engaging and interesting activities to overcome them could be helpful in similar cases in the future. Examples and solutions for the student’s language problems in the different areas are exposed below: Grammar: Virginia struggles with using irregular verbs in the past  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I ´m learning to surf. I buyed a surfboard. I ´m loving it although Im not very good.† â€Å"The teacher who teach me English when I was a child was not  strict† â€Å"I lose the train this morning† (neither the correct word has been chosen in this case â€Å"miss†, however, I only focus on the verb) In order to help Virginia with her problem in this grammar area, I have decided to use the activities of the lesson â€Å"Girls’ night out†; unit 5, pages 56 and 57 of the Elementary student’s book â€Å"New English File†, Oxford University Press. The subject of the lesson revolves around a group of young female journalist for a famous women’s magazine who are asked to go out for the evening with her girlfriends, and then write a report about their experiences. The topic is engaging, as it suits Virginia’s age, gender, interest (tackles some cultural matters of different countries) and is quite close to her cultural background, considering that Spaniards are very sociable and much of their life is lived in the streets. The material exposes the student to the structure through reading, listening and speaking activities. Virginia will have to deduce which are the past tense of a set of irregular verbs from the text in order to do exercise 3A. Grammar (look at the reports again and find the past tense of these irregular verbs), and then listen and practice the pronunciation of the verbs in exercise 3. B (listen and check, practice saying the verbs). She will also have the opportunity to fill in sentences with the correct form of the same irregular verbs in exercise 3C 1 and listen these verbs within a meaningful context in exercises 4 B and C (Listen to Silvia talking about their girls’ night out). In terms of speaking, the student will have to use the simple past of irregular verbs in the exercise 5C (Think about the last time you went out with friends, look at the questions and plan your answers) Virginia will have plenty of opportunities to see and use the target language as in real life communication. 1: This exercise send the student to the explanation on page 130 (5C) and to the exercise on page 131 (5C) Pronunciation Virginia struggles with discriminating the /aÉ ª/ and /É ª/ sounds. : â€Å"I filled in a registration form for a diving school†: /ˈdÉ ªvÉ ªÃ…‹/ â€Å"The school has wifi† /ˈwÉ ª fÉ ª/  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The school has a library†: /ˈlÉ ªbrÉ™ri/ To help her to differentiate the pronunciation of the vowel sounds /aÉ ª/ and /É ª/. I have chosen the lesson â€Å"Wine, win†, unit 5 of the book â€Å"English Pronunciation in use†, Cambridge University press; pages: 30 and 31. Besides providing explanatory pictures of mouth modulation for a better pronunciation (Section A and B), it offers exercises that focus exclusively on the different pronunciation of minimal pairs, which usually confuse nonnative speakers, as Spanish does not differentiate between long and short vowels. Minimal pairs effectively facilitate pronunciation acquisition. â€Å"When learners compare and contrast discrete sounds in the environment presented in minimal pairs, the importance of these sounds in denoting word meaning is transferred to their mind naturally. Experience shows that ―pronunciation classes†¦ make students more conscious of their own pronunciation and aware of ways in which their pronunciation differs from the model offered† (Rajadurai, 2001: 14) Virginia will have to spot the /aÉ ª/ sound among minimal pairs in exercise A and the /É ª/ sound in exercise B. The student will also have to discriminate and identify the words that have the/aÉ ª/ or the /É ª/ vowel sounds in exercise 11.1. (Make words with these beginnings and endings and write them in the correct part of the table) and in the exercise 11.2 (Read the dialogue. Circle the sound /aÉ ª/ and underline the/É ª/). Despite the fact that this material doesn’t approach pronunciation within a context similar to real life, it offers a lot of practice opportunity, which in my opinion as a nonnative speaker of English is essential for the reason that Spanish phonological system is significantly different from that of English, particularly in the aspects of vowel sounds. Conclusion Virginia’s English lesson at school were focused on talking about the language rather than on talking in the language; as a result, we can deduce that she was not exposed to proper and useful input since these type of classes do not require that teachers be experts or even fluent in the  language. However, her motivation, along with the use of relevant and meaningful materials as the ones presented in this essay can help her to improve her language skills and attain proficiency in English as a result. References Hancock, M (2003) English Pronunciation in Use. Cambridge University Press. Oxenden, C, Latham-Koening, C and Seligson, P. New English File, Elementary Student (2007). Oxford University Press. Scrivener, J (2005) Learning Teaching, A guidebook for English Language Teachers. Second Edition. Macmillan Books for Teachers. Rajadurai, J. (2001). An investigation of the effectiveness of teaching pronunciation to Malaysian TESL students MacMillan Dictionary : http://www.macmillandictionary.com/

Good God Essay -- essays research papers

Good God When one walks through the streets of humanity, one must choose their destiny. Is it to believe in God, or to become conservative and choose not to believe? Well, the people of the world should all just creep within their minds, and choose not to follow the Messiah onto the deceptive fields of love. These people become sicken with doubt, and unleashing them are quite easy. But the world may never know, for the fools that are blinded with salvation still wander in oblivion. Objection number one is that, can one actually prove the â€Å"existence† of God? How can one experience divinity, without experiencing death first? No men on this earth can! Not the Pope, Saint Anselm, nor William Paley, who actually tired to prove the existence of God. William Paley once said , â€Å"If a man wandered upon a hill, and discovered a watch; who would question the fact, that the watch was created by a designer?† It's possible that the statement is true, but a watch can't be compared to a universe's creation. Paley would later say that the world must have a designer, meaning a God. The watch of coarse must of been created by a designer, but the world is totally different. It's more like a carpenter building a house or building. People can relate more to a building than a universe, cause it's possible that one can experience living within a house. It's not possible for anyone to live among the outside world, and think that God created everything. This only proves Paley's downfall, and ideas ... Good God Essay -- essays research papers Good God When one walks through the streets of humanity, one must choose their destiny. Is it to believe in God, or to become conservative and choose not to believe? Well, the people of the world should all just creep within their minds, and choose not to follow the Messiah onto the deceptive fields of love. These people become sicken with doubt, and unleashing them are quite easy. But the world may never know, for the fools that are blinded with salvation still wander in oblivion. Objection number one is that, can one actually prove the â€Å"existence† of God? How can one experience divinity, without experiencing death first? No men on this earth can! Not the Pope, Saint Anselm, nor William Paley, who actually tired to prove the existence of God. William Paley once said , â€Å"If a man wandered upon a hill, and discovered a watch; who would question the fact, that the watch was created by a designer?† It's possible that the statement is true, but a watch can't be compared to a universe's creation. Paley would later say that the world must have a designer, meaning a God. The watch of coarse must of been created by a designer, but the world is totally different. It's more like a carpenter building a house or building. People can relate more to a building than a universe, cause it's possible that one can experience living within a house. It's not possible for anyone to live among the outside world, and think that God created everything. This only proves Paley's downfall, and ideas ...

Punishment for Crime should be Individualized Essay

Crime and the punishments for crimes have been the subject of debates for centuries.   When asked, most people would say that people who commit crimes should be punished for it in some way. When deciding however what kind of punishment should be given to the offender, is when the debate begins.   The reason for the debate comes about because there are significant differences in how people view punishment and what punishments should be used for different crimes. Most people struggle with the question of what kind of punishment is fair for the offender.   In the past, people have at times been treated differently for very similar crimes, this created upset among the people who cried out for equal treatment for everyone.   What those people fail to realize is that equal is not always fair.   Although some degree of structure in sentencing is needed, there should be some leeway provided in order to individualize the sentence to â€Å"make the punishment fit the specific crime†.   In order to determine what is considered fair and equal punishment, the first step is to identify what punishment is. One definition of punishment is the deliberate infliction of physical harm on an offender or his property without his consent because he is an offender, but for reasons other than self-defense (Halliday, Appendix B.).   In the legal system, punishment is inflicted upon an offender as a direct result of negative behaviors for the purpose of deterring future behaviors these are called sentences.   Different members of society however have different ideas of what kind of punishment is fair.   What some people feel is fair and just as a particular punishment for crime, others feel is cruel and inhumane.   During some eras in history, sentences for crimes were not fairly and equally handed out to all citizens.   People with higher community status were sometimes given lighter or no sentences for crimes that other people were harshly punished for.   Due to the differences in sentencing and an increasing crime rate, changes in the law and punishments were needed (Lehrer).In an attempt to make sentencing fair for everyone, President Ronald Reagan passed a Comprehensive Crime Control Bill on October 12, 1984 (Kaufman, 1). Through this, â€Å"the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984† created â€Å"The United States Sentencing Commission† which developed a set of sentencing guidelines for specific crimes.   These guidelines created mandatory sentencing for anyone who committed certain crimes, which took away all ability for the judge or jury to individualize sentences for individuals or for individual crimes (Kaufman, 1).   Although these guidelines were developed with good intentions to provide the average and underprivileged with the same rights as the wealthy, there are other factors in crimes that were not taken into consideration. It is a well known fact that not all crimes are created equal.   Murder is obviously a more serious offense than theft and should not have the same consequences and few people would argue that the consequences should be the same.   The problem of fairness becomes more of an issue when the end result of the crimes are similar.   The motive or cause of the crime however might have been completely different.   While it is easy to say that a punishment should be less severe for stealing jewels than for someone who takes a human life.   The consequences however are the same for a person who shoplifts a CD to avoid paying for it and a person who steals a can of soup to feed a starving family.   Because the end result is the same the law requires that the offenders be punished equally, but the motive in the case is quite different.   The same is true when comparing a person who commits murder over a bad drug deal compared to a woman who kills her husband after years of sufferi ng abuse.   Because the sentencing guidelines are based on the end result of the crime, motivation is not considered.   Judges are required to pass sentence based on the mandatory sentence.   Ã‚  Even over half of the Federal Judges would chose to eliminate the mandatory sentencing guidelines and 82.8 percent believe that judges would be better and more efficient at choosing the sentence for crimes (Pratt, 1). If the guidelines were eliminated or at least changed, the judges, juries or parole boards would have more freedom to take into consideration special circumstances behind the criminal behavior.   This would reintroduce the possibility for some mistakes or personal preferences, but it also allows for some leniency for crimes with less criminal motivation. The problem with mandatory guidelines has gone so far as to invade the public school system.   In schools, it is called the zero-tolerance policy.   This policy was introduced into most public schools after the shooting at the Columbine, Colorado high school and the increased number of school shootings that followed.   This policy states that any child, who brings a weapon to school, threatens to or harms other students, or indicates hostile ideation will be punished.   The punishment ranges from suspension to actual criminal charges. The premise behind the policy is to take all threats seriously.   The problem with it is that children are no longer allowed to be children.   When children get angry they often threaten them, but due to the policy children are getting suspended from school and arrested for drawing pictures of guns and for using dinnerware to peel oranges for lunch (Dart, 1).   These rules, like the mandatory sentence guidelines for adults takes all of the common sense and reason out of assigning consequences for various behaviors. In January of 2005 a Supreme Court decision provided some hope for the future of fair sentencing.   The court ruling declared mandatory guidelines unconstitutional (Edelstein, 1).   This provides the judges a little more freedom to use desertion.   The mandatory sentences are still the default sentence, but based on the circumstances surrounding the case, the judge has the right to rule outside of the guidelines if appropriate (Edelstein,1).   In these cases the judge can provide lighter sentences to people whose special situations led them to commit a crime they otherwise would not have considered. Mandatory sentences often also include parole guidelines which mandate at what point in the sentence a criminal might be eligible for parole or if parole is even an opportunity.   In cases where an inmate can not ever be eligible for parole, there is very little motivation for the person to use positive behavior while incarcerated.   The person in these cases have no hope of getting a reduced sentence because of merits accomplished while in prison.   By providing the judges to choose the sentence, parole can be made more of an option to motivate criminals to choose rehabilitation instead of continuing to have problems during the time in prison.   This would help lead to more people successfully being rehabilitated.   By providing more inmates the opportunity for reduced sentences and rehabilitation, there would be significantly less of a problem with prison overcrowding. Although the guidelines for sentencing were created to make the legal system and criminal punishments fairer for everyone, they have gone to the extreme and are now causing harm to some people.   A legal system that provided special treatment for the rich and famous was wrong, but a legal system that requires horribly abused women to undergo the same sentence as a child killer is just as wrong.   There should be some basic guidelines, but at the same time there should be provisions in which the motive of the crime and the background behind the crime should be taken into consideration.   There is no such thing as a â€Å"cookie cutter† crime and there should not be uniform punishments to for the crimes. Every person is individual and when an individual commits a crime, a little time needs to be taken to determine the best and most effective punishment for that crime.   Some people would benefit more from community service or therapy than being put in jail.   Prison in many cases proves only to harden people and makes a person less likely to be able to adequately adapt to society upon returning to it.   Parents who have more than one child do not discipline all of the children in the same way for similar behaviors, because different consequences are more effective for different people.   Based on this fact, the sentencing guidelines need to be re-examined and adapted to be sure that the best possible consequence is given for each individual and each offense.   Works Cited Edelstein, Jonathan. â€Å"Sentence Structure† 31 August 2005 26 February, 2008. Dart, Andrew. â€Å"Zero Tolerance vs. Common Sense† 19 December 2008. 25, February 2008 Lehrer, Eli. â€Å"Soft Cell†. 9 June, 2003. 25, February 2008 < AEI – Short Publications> Pratt, Robert. â€Å"Senseless Sentencing: a Federal Judge Speaks Out†. 10 January 1999.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Des Moines Register.   25, February 2008 Halliday,Roy. â€Å"What Good is Punishment?† 1 January 2003. Appendix B. What good is punishment> Kaufman, Shari. â€Å"The Federal Sentencing Guidelines: A Formulaic and Impersonal Approach to Dispensing Justice†. (1999) the Federal Sentencing Guidelines: A Formulaic and Impersonal Approach to Dispensing Justice

Ikea Operations Management Essay

Profile: ikea IKEA is the world’s most successful mass-market retailer, selling Scandinavian-style home furnishings and other house goods in 230 stores in 33 countries and hosting 410 million shoppers per year. An acronym for founder Ingvar Kamprad and his boyhood home of Elmtaryd, Agunnaryd, IKEA began operating in Sweden in 1943 and continues its original ethos based upon cost obsession fused with design culture. No design, no matter how inspired, finds its way into the catalogue if it cannot be made affordable. With an aim of lowering prices across its entire offering by an average of 2% to 3% each year, its signature feature is the flat packed product that customers assemble at home, thus reducing transportation costs. Yet, unlike some peers, IKEA has sustainability at heart and, through an internal mantra of ‘low price but not at any price’ is a leading example of sustainable innovation and business growth.The company designs its own furniture, which is made by about 1,500 suppliers in more than 50 countries. It also sells online and by mail order with the print run for the 2006 catalogue hitting 160 million – more than the Bible, so IKEA claims. Finding the right manufacturer for the right product is a key component of the company’s success. It once contracted with ski makers – experts in bent wood – to manufacture its Poang armchairs, and has tapped makers of supermarket carts to turn out durable sofas. Simplicity, a tenet of Scandinavian design, also helps keep costs down. For example, the 50 cents Trofà © mug comes only in blue and white – the least expensive pigments. IKEA’s conservation drive extends naturally from this cost-cutting. Adding to the challenge, the suppliers and designers work to customize some Ikea products to make them sell better in local markets. That said, the global middle class, that IKEA targets, shares buying habits: The $120 Billy bookcase, $13 Lack side table, and $190 Ivar storage system are its best-sellers worldwide and average spending per customer globally is even similar: According to IKEA, the figure in Russia is $85 per store visit – exactly the same as in statistically more affluent Sweden. IKEA operates approx 25 US stores, which account for 11% of the company’s sales and Germany is its biggest market, accounting for nearly one-fifth of revenue. Sales have been growing steadily each year thanks both to expansion of its store network and the ongoing price cuts – 18 new stores were opened in 2005 and the retailer reduced prices by 3%. Such expansion has kept IKEA’s turnover rising – in 2005 by 17.3% to $18.8 billion from $16.0 billion in 2004. And, although being privately held IKEA’s profit figures are not published, conservative estimates put pretax operating profits at around $1.7 billion. IKEA maintains these profits even while it cuts prices steadily with operating margins of approximately 10% being among the best in home furnishing. To keep growing, IKEA is accelerating store rollouts in both large outlet and new high-street formats. Nineteen new large outlets are set to open worldwide in 2006, at an average cost of $66 million per store. The firm plans to boost their profile in three of its fastest-growing markets: In Russia, where it is already a huge success in Moscow, in China, where is has a strong footprint, and in the US, where the goal is to have 50 outlets by 2010. IKEA demonstrates that, when underpinned by strategic partnerships with manufacturers and suppliers, providing access to affordable contemporary design, in an exciting, yet simple format can be a winning formula. Where and when did IKEA start? What does IKEA stand for? Who founded IKEA? Find out all about the history of IKEA and the timeline of the store’s development in this article. IKEA founder, Ingvar KampradIngvar Kamprad The founder of IKEA, Ingvar Kamprad, began his business career as a young boy selling matches purchased in bulk individually for a profit to his neighbors near Agunnaryd. As his business grew, he expanded to selling fish, seeds, Christmas decorations and eventually, pencils and ball-point pens which were a new phenomenon in 1935. He was very clever in utilizing his resources – he delivered his goods by bicycle, and later used the local milk delivery vehicle to make deliveries. IKEA In 1943, with a gift from his father, Ingvar established his business, using his initials, Ingvar Kamprad, the name of the farm on which he was born, Elmtaryd and the village nearby, Agunnaryd for the acronym. At this time, he was selling everything from pens and wallets to watches and nylon stockings by going door to door and selling directly to his customers. By 1945, the first advertisements for IKEA began showing up in local newspapers and he had developed a rudimentary catalog. IKEA Catalog Locally manufactured furniture first showed up in the IKEA product range in 1947 and was received positively by its customers. It wasn’t until 1951 however that Ingvar began to focus only on furniture and discontinued all other products from the IKEA product range. The first IKEA furniture catalog was published that same year and 2 years later, in response to competition, the first furniture showroom opened in the village of Älmhult. This same competition caused other furniture stores and manufacturers to put pressure on suppliers to boycott IKEA which led to the critical decision to design their own furniture beginning in 1955. IKEA Flat Pack Furniture ikea_lovet_table.jpgIt’s difficult to overstate the importance of this turn of events. Designing furniture for their own stores allowed IKEA to focus on low prices, improve function and ultimately led to the success of the company. Around this time, an employee removed the legs of a table in order to fit it into the trunk of a car and avoid transportation damage, which began IKEA thinking about designing furniture to be flat packed. In 1956, IKEA began testing the concept of flat pack to reduce costs through reduced transportation expenses, lowered storage space requirements, decreased transportation damage and reductions in labor costs. The IKEA Lovet table, pictured left, was the first IKEA product designed as flat pack furniture. http://www.ikeafans.com/ikea/ikea-history/ikea-history.html Ingvar Kamprad The founder of IKEA, Ingvar Kamprad, began his business career as a young boy selling matches purchased in bulk individually for a profit to his neighbors near Agunnaryd. As his business grew, he expanded to selling fish, seeds, Christmas decorations and eventually, pencils and ball-point pens which were a new phenomenon in 1935. He was very clever in utilizing his resources – he delivered his goods by bicycle, and later used the local milk delivery vehicle to make deliveries. History of IKEA IKEA was founded in Älmhult, Sweden, in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad. He founded the company at the age of 17. IKEA is an acronym incidentally similar to the Greek word ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± [oikia] which means (home) and to the Finnish word oikea (correct, right), but actually was originally an abbreviation for â€Å"Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd†. Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd comes from the address where Ingvar Kamprad started the company IKEA initially. Originally, IKEA sold pens, wallets, picture frames, table runners, watches, jewelry and nylon stockings or practically anything Kamprad decided is a needed product on reduced price. Furniture was first added to the IKEA product range in 1948. In 1955, IKEA began to design its own furniture. The company motto is: â€Å"Affordable Solutions for Better Living.† At first, Kamprad sold his goods out of his home and by mail order. Later a store was opened in the town of Älmhult. It was also the location for the first IKEA â€Å"warehouse† store which came to serve as a model for IKEA establishments elsewhere. On March 23, 1963, the first store outside Sweden was opened in Asker, a Norwegian municipality outside Oslo. IKEA has grown step by step into the world’s largest furniture retailer. There are 202 Ikea stores in 32 countries. Of these, 180 stores belong to the Ikea Group. The remaining 22 stores are owned and run by franchisees outside the Ikea Group. Products Available IKEA’s products are used from the customers for the whole furnishing of a home. Customers may find everything they need and basically furnish their houses â€Å"from the forks to the chairs†. The products available are: * Storage furniture; * TV solutions; * Small storages; * Sofas and armchairs; * Tables and desks; * Chairs and lighting; * Decoration and mirrors; * Floors; * Textiles and rugs; * Beds and mattresses; * Cooking and eating; * Furniture care and hardware; * Kitchen cabinets and appliances; * Bathroom furniture; * Clothes storages; * Safety products;

Australian Wheat Board

Australian Wheat Board Australian Wheat Board Australian Wheat Board (AWB) Limited is a grain marketing organization based in Australia. It had been a government body since its commencement in 1937 until 1 July 1999 when it was handed over to the Australian wheat growers. AWB is organized into three divisions: rural services, financial services, and the commodity management unit. In this arrangement, the rural services division supplies the products to the retail stores that distribute the commodities to the rural areas of Australia while the commodity management provides the products to the global customers in more than 50 countries. Even though this organization has got various ethical standards to be followed by its employees, it has also faced challenges from the corruption scandals which occurred in the mid 2000s (Botterill 41). The specific fraud issue that affected the organization is corruption scandals which took place in 2005. It took the form of bribery and kickbacks which were paid to Saddam Hussein, the former Iraqi leader. The fraud occurred in 2005 when the company was alleged to ignore the United Nations sanctions and the Australian law which forbids such actions. This companys action was meant to help to retain the commodity exchange business between Iraq and the company. The illegal action resulted into a 230 million dollars compensation for the damages caused to the North American farmers when they lost their market due to corruption. The organization also lost its monopoly status again the management was changed. At this particular time, Andrew Lindberg was the managing director and was fined 100000 U.S dollars. while Paul Ingleby was the chief financial officer, who later paid 10000 U.S dollars as fine. Another fraud the company faced was that of obtaining financial advantage through deception and giving of misleading information to the auditors in the year 2000 by the then AWB chairman, Clinton Condon. The fraud, which also made the organization to realize a loss of 12.5 million, started when two employees, Mark Timleris and Claire Horsman falsified some contracts and fabricated reports to the banks. They also engaged the organization in speculative foreign exchange trades so as to hide the company losses for several years before they told Clinton in the year 2000. However, Clinton went ahead and signed the audited financial statements in 2001 despite him being aware that they were faulty. Both the two employees and Clinton were therefore put into jail. In all these scandals, it is evident that the ethical standards breached are the requirement to avoid any financial deception and the need to report any to report any form of ethics violation as was done by the two employees and Cli nton. Also the managing director failed to honour the market guiding standards (Botterill 113). Concerning the making of ethical decisions within the organization, the management of the company has come up with various ideas for realizing the best code of ethics whenever an ethical problem has been realized. Its first step is the identification of the problem. In this case, the management commits itself to establish the exact ethical problems which need to be tackled. Thereafter, it analyses the code of ethics relevant to that particular problem in order to find out whether there is any drawback in the standards (Botterill 458). The management then determines the nature and dimensions of the dilemma in order to find out the extent of damage caused by the subject problem. Various problem solving actions are then proposed by the management to exploit all the possibilities. Thereafter, the possible courses of actions are evaluated and the best one is selected to solve the ethical problem. Finally, the chosen course of action is tested, evaluated, and implemented when the organizat ion is sure that it will give an ethical solution to the current ethical problem (Botterill 459). The Australian Wheat Board operations are also guided by the various rules and regulations which are categorized into two components. These components are the business practices and the personal conduct of the staff. The staff members behaviors are guided by various rules which include the requirement to regularly read the codes of conduct so as to continually familiarize themselves with any change. The employees are also required to comply with the code of conduct and seek for clarification from the human resource department on the scope of such guiding principles. Employees are also given the responsibility to report any form of ethics violation by any party within the organization. They are also required to comply and support any investigation involving the breach of code and the companys policies and procedures (Lindberg 3). The organizations code of conducts further states that the employees may also not accept incentives or inducements from organizations, since such incentives may be compromising to the employees work obligations. However, the company has also stated the circumstances under which an employee can accept such gifts. For instance, a gift or benefit can only be accepted when they value less than 300 dollars. But in cases where the amount is greater and its rejection may imply negatively to the company, they can be accepted after notifying the managing director. Emphasis is also put on ensuring that the employees loyalty to the other staff members and management does not compromise the appropriate standards of ethical behavior and courses of actions (Lindberg 5). Lindberg, (10) further states that the management of the company is also required to protect the employees from any victimization for whistle blowing over misconducts by any member of the both the junior and senior staff. Additionally, it requires treating all the employees without any form of discrimination. Finally, the companys employees should not take the advantage of private information, as it can negatively affect the organization. On the other hand, business practices codes of conduct are the rules guiding the behavior of the people acting on behalf of the company. These practices include the avoidance of deception and unfair practices against other stakeholders. The employees should also practice honesty and good faith while dealing with other stakeholders. Employees are also required to respect their obligations in taking care of the AWB assets, resources, and confidential information (Lindberg 11). Purchasing of contracts is also required to be conducted in ethical manner. It involves making arrangements in accordance to the AWB tender requirements which emphasizes fairness, equality, and the clear statement of the contract requirements while handling the potential contractors. Finally, all the employees are required to maintain the professional standards of dressing and general presentation (Lindberg 16). Conclusion As demonstrated in the Australian Wheat Board, it is evident that ethics should be observed in every organization for a smooth running and for a positive image.

7 Work From Home Jobs You NEED to Avoid

7 Work From Home Jobs You NEED to Avoid Everybody thinks working from home is the best possible thing. The grass that is always greener. But there are a few work from home jobs that are more trouble than they’re worth. You may think it’s worth it to work in your pajamas, eating Cheez-Its for breakfast, but at least in a few cases, you might be wrong. Here are a few of the worst work from home jobs, in case you’re considering the career move.1. Obvious ScamsIf a work from home job seems too good to be true, it probably is. Unfortunately, there are a lot of scams out there. Be on the lookout for gigs like â€Å"envelope stuffing,† â€Å"at-home assembly,† â€Å"claim processing,† or â€Å"refund recovery.† And don’t accept any job that asks you for money up front. Keep your private info private until you’re sure an opportunity is legit.2. SalesSales is a pretty tough gig even when you’re not working from home. This work is actually quite competitive. Just think how many of your social media pals are constantly hocking some product or another. Do you really want to be that person who drives their family and friends crazy with constant promotional blasts?3. In-Home Day CareUnless you really love kids, this is often way less money than it’s worth. You’ll have much less privacy, and be exposed to a lot more germs. And you’ll probably have to chase down payments from parents (who will also expect you to work when normal people are vacationing).4. Mystery ShoppingIt sounds brilliant, right? Get a free meal, go shopping incognito, all while making a bit of extra cash. But remember that these assignments pay much less than even minimum wage and you’ll have to work a lot of them to make any money at all.5. MLMDirect sales gigs sound really promising out of the gate. Work from home, unlimited earning potential, being your own boss, but keep normal(ish) hours†¦ But you’ll be on the hook to sell to everyon e all the time, and this can get exhausting. It’s also very tough to do in a saturated market.6. Cold CallingThis work is never fun, no matter where you’re making your calls. Lead generation is necessary for a lot of businesses, but unless you have nerves and personality of steel, it’s miserable work calling uninterested parties and trying to get them interested before they hang up on you in a huff.7. Pay-Per-TasksMindless work for cash? Sounds easy enough, right? Just remember that available tasks can fluctuate widely from season to season and often the rate is mere pennies. You’ll be competing with overseas workers as well, who have a lower standard of living and need less to live- and are hungrier to do the work.